KMCRIC

St. John's wort is an inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly the CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 family [40;​160​;​208​;​209​;​210​;​211​]. Moore et al. demonstrated that St. John's wort (hyperforin) activates a regulator (pregnane X receptor) of CYP3A4 transcription and thereby induces expression of 3A4 in human liver cells [​212​]. Bray et al. demonstrated induction of 3A and 2E1 in mice [​213​]. Upon review, it was noted that St. John's wort may inhibit CYP3A4 acutely and then induce this enzyme with repeated administration [​45​;​214​]. CYP2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 inhibition has also been reported in in vivo and in vitro research [​215​;​216​]. In a systematic review of 19 trials with available plasma data, three reported a lack of important interaction between St. John's wort and pharmaceutical drugs, and 17 described a decrease in systemic bioavailability of a conventional drug [​4​]. According to in vitro, animal, and human studies, concurrent use of drugs metabolized via the CYP450 liver enzyme system may result in altered therapeutic levels of pharmacologic agents, due to induction or inhibition of enzymes by St. John's wort [​217​;​215​;​216​;​213​;​45​;​18​;​19​;40;​20​;​218​;​219​;​125​;​220​;​221​;​222​]. However, other studies have failed to show such induction or inhibition of enzymes [​19​;​219​;​125​;​171​;​223​]. In a human case study, a psychiatric patient had symptoms due to decreased levels of clozapine, brought on by taking St. John's wort [​160​]. In human research, cyclosporine was at subtherapeutic levels due to St. John's wort coadministration, which resulted in organ rejection in a case study [​203​;​204​]. Treatment with high-dose hyperforin extracts (>10mg daily) has been associated with CYP3A induction. However, low dose treatments (<4mg daily) lacked this interaction [​97​;​30​].

... 시토크롬 P450 3A4의 발현을 유도한다는 점을 입증하였다 [​212​]. Bray et al은 쥐에서 시토크롬 P450 3A와 2E1의 유도를 입증하였다 [​213​]. 상기 연구는, 세인트존스워트가 시토크롬 P450 3A4를 일시적으로 억제할 수 있으며, 이어...

St. John's wort is an inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly the CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 family [40;​160​;​208​;​209​;​210​;​211​]. Moore et al. demonstrated that St. John's wort (hyperforin) activates a regulator [pregnane X receptor] of CYP3A4 transcription and thereby induces expression of 3A4 in human liver cells [​212​]. Bray et al. demonstrated induction of 3A and 2E1 in mice [​213​]. Upon review, it was noted that St. John's wort may inhibit CYP3A4 acutely and then induce this enzyme with repeated administration [​45​;​214​]. CYP2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 inhibition has also been reported in in vivo and in vitro research [​215​;​216​]. In a systematic review of 19 trials with available plasma data, three reported a lack of important interaction between St. John's wort and pharmaceutical drugs, and 17 described a decrease in systemic bioavailability of a conventional drug [​4​]. According to in vitro, animal, and human studies, concurrent use of drugs metabolized via the CYP450 liver enzyme system may result in altered therapeutic levels of pharmacologic agents, due to induction or inhibition of enzymes by St. John's wort [​217​;​215​;​216​;​213​;​45​;​18​;​19​;40;​20​;​218​;​219​;​125​;​220​;​221​;​222​]. However, other studies failed to show such induction or inhibition of enzymes [​19​;​219​;​125​;​171​;​223​]. In a human case study, a psychiatric patient had symptoms due to decreased levels of clozapine, brought on by taking St. John's wort [​160​]. In human research, cyclosporine was at subtherapeutic levels due to St. John's wort coadministration, which resulted in organ rejection in a case study [​203​;​204​]. In in vitro research, St. John's wort induced CYP450 2C9 [​125​]. According to case reports and clinical research, St. John's wort has a cytochrome P450- or p-glycoprotein-mediated interaction with anesthetics, vasopressors, buspirone, bupropion, eletriptan, nefazodone, loperamide, nevirapine, paroxetine, phenprocoumon, sertraline, prednisone, theophylline, tacrolimus, tryptophan, tibolone, and venlafaxine, and an interaction that causes a decrease in the levels of alprazolam, amitriptyline, cyclosporine, debrisoquine, atorvastatin, chlorzoxazone, digoxin, erythromycin, imatinib, indinavir, fexofenadine, gliclazide, irinotecan, ivabradine, midazolam, nifedipine, mephenytoin, methadone, omeprazole, oral contraceptives, tacrolimus, talinolol, verapamil, quazepam, simvastatin, voriconazole, and warfarin [​211​]. Treatment with high-dose hyperforin extracts (>10mg daily) has been associated with CYP3A induction. However, low-dose treatments (<4mg daily) lacked this interaction [​97​;​30​].

... 시토크롬 P450 3A4의 발현을 유도한다는 점을 입증하였다 [​212​]. Bray et al은 쥐에서 시토크롬 P450 3A와 2E1의 유도를 입증하였다 [​213​]. 상기 연구는, 세인트존스워트가 시토크롬 P450 3A4를 일시적으로 억제할 수 있으며, 이어...

1) Oriental herbal combination (BDX-1) isolated from Achyranthes bidentata and Atractylodes japonica inhibited collagen-induced arthritis, adjuvant-induced arthritis, and zymosan-induced inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis murine models. 2) It also inhibited carrageenan-induced acute edema...

... 백출(Atractylodes japonica)에서 분리한 제제 (BDX-1)는 콜라겐 유도 관절염, 보조제 유도 관절염, 지모산 유도 염증을 억제함. 2) 또한, 카라기난 유도 급성 부종과 아세트산 유도 몸부림 반응을 억제함. 3) 또한, BDX-1의...

The extract from S. lappa has been shown here to induce the G2-arrest of AGS gastric cancer cells probably by modulating cyclin levels through p53/p21Waf1 CKI induction. The extract also induced concomitant programmed cell death by activating pro-apoptotic molecules and suppressing anti...

1) 목향의 추출물은 p53/p21Waf1 CKI 유도를 통해 cyclin level을 조절하여 AGS 위암 세포의 G2-정지를 유도함. 2) 목향의 추출물은 세포사멸 유도 분자 활성 및 항세포사멸 분자 억제를 통해 세포사를 유도함.