KMCRIC

In animal studies, free valproic acid concentrations in the brain were significantly increased by carnitine, potentially increasing effects associated with valproic acid [​400​]. In humans, treatment with carnitine returned the prolonged half-lives of valproic acid, associated with carnitine deficiency, close to the normal range [​401​]. In clinical studies, plasma carnitine concentrations were lower and blood ammonia values were higher in patients treated with valproic acid than in the untreated patients and control subjects [​63​;​64​;​65​]. L-carnitine supplementation reduced levels of plasma ammonia in valproate-treated patients [​62​]. In children treated with valproic acid, a significant reduction was found in muscle carnitine content [​402​]. The effects of valproic acid on carnitine status (muscle, serum) and associated adverse effects, as well as use of carnitine in valproate toxicity, have been discussed in reviews and other publications [​403​;​404​;​405​;​406​;​407​;​408​] and human studies [​409​;​410​;​411​;​412​;​413​;​414​;​415​;​416​;​417​], although decreases in free carnitine have been shown, but not in all human studies [​61​;​418​]. Treatment with carnitine improved carnitine levels in children treated with valproate and had no effect on plasma valproic acid levels [​419​]. Reviews, systematic reviews, and case studies have concluded that valproic acid use lowers carnitine levels in some, but not all studies and that carnitine may be considered for valproic acid general toxicity; however, measurement of carnitine levels is warranted in order to determine the need [​44​;​45​;​46​;​47​;​48​;​49​;​50​;​51​;​52​;​53​;​54​;​55​;​56​;​57​;​58​;​59​;​60​;​61​;​62​;​63​;​64​;​65​;​66​;​67​] and hepatotoxicity [​68​]. One case study suggested that carnitine supplementation had no effect on valproate-related hepatotoxic effects [​420​], and another reported a severe disabled case of incomplete Fanconi syndrome following discontinuation of carnitine use during valproate therapy [​421​]. Carnitine was added to valproic acid treatment for spinal muscular atrophy in a clinical trial; the effect of carnitine alone was not examined [​60​]. Mechanisms associated with valproate-induced reduction of carnitine have been investigated in vitro [​38​;​39​;852]. In animal research, decreased carnitine stores were associated with increased valproic acid toxicity [853]. However, in children using valproic acid, there was an increase in levels of free carnitine [​263​] and in patients with epilepsy although plasma and urinary free and total carnitine levels decreased levels of acyl-carnitine increased [​66​].

... 그러나 카르니틴 수치 측정은 [​44​;​45​;​46​;​47​;​48​;​49​;​50​;​51​;​52​;​53​;​54​;​55​;​56​;​57​;​58​;​59​;​60​;​61​;​62​;​63​;​64​;​65​;​66​;​67​] 간 독성을 판단하기 위해서 필요하다[​68​]. 임상 연구는 카르니틴 보충이 발프로에이트와 관련된 간 독성 효능에...

In animal study, a flavonoid-enriched lotus leaf extract reduced liver damage associated with a high fat diet [​14​;​25​]. Hepatoprotective effects of lotus were tested using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocyte toxicity models [​25​]. Treatment of hepatocytes with an ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera inhibited both the production of serum enzymes and cytotoxicity by CCl4. The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of AFB1 were also inhibited by an ethanol extract ofNelumbo nucifera in dose-dependent manners. The authors concluded that the hepatoprotective effects of this extract may result from antioxidant properties.

... [​25​]. Nelumbo nucifera(d연)의 에탄올 추출물을 사용한 간세포의 치료는 사염화탄소(CCl4)에 의한 혈청 효소와 세포독성의 생성을 모두 억제하였다. 아플라톡신 B1 (AFB-1)의 유전자독성과 세포독성 효능 역시 용량에 따라 Nelumbo...

Emodin and aloe-emodin showed higher cytotoxic activities against human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) and salivary gland tumor (HSG) cell lines than against normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). 3 compounds exhibited relatively higher cytotoxic activities against all these cells. The...

... 사람 구강 편평상피암 (HSC-2), 타액선 종양 (HSG) 세포주에서 높은 세포독성을 나타냄. 2) 3종의 성분은 실험된 모든 암세포에 대해 강한 독성을 보임. 3) 기타 glycoside는 독성 활동은 약했지만, 화학적 암예방 효과가 있음....

Trans-Resveratrol showed significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (liver hepatoma) and HT-29 (colon) human cancer cell lines trans-epsilon-viniferin and cis--viniferin, and gnetin H exhibited marked cytotoxic activity against Hela (cervicse) and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines...

... 활성을 보임. 2) trans-epsilon-viniferin, cis--viniferin 및 gnetin H는 자궁경부암 세포주 Hela와 유방암 세포주 MCF-7에 세포독성 활성을 보임. 3) suffruticosol A, B는 C6를 제외하고 나머지 모든 암세포에 약한 세포독성 활성을 보임....