KMCRIC

Clinical research has examined the effect of chromium on obesity and weight loss [​55​;​56​;​57​;​58​;​59​;​60​;​61​;​62​;​63​;​64​;​65​;​66​;​67​]. According to a meta-analyses of human research, treatment with chromium supplementation was associated with a 1.1-1.2kg decrease in body weight vs. placebo in participants with an average body mass index of 28-33kg/m2 [​68​;​69​;​49​]. In a clinical trial, females taking chromium picolinate had a significant weight increase vs. males and placebo, while males increased in the sum of body circumferences and decreased in the sum of skinfolds compared to baseline [​58​].

... 1.1-1.2kg의 체중 감량의 효과가 있었다 [​68​;​69​;​49​]. 임상 시험에서, 크로뮴 피콜리네이트를 복용한 여성들은 남성들이 기초 대비 신체둘레 총합이 증가했고, 피부 두겹의 총합이 감소했던 것과 다르게 플라시보 및 남성...

In humans, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is reported to cause a decrease in daily melatonin secretion without disturbing circadian rhythm [​376​;​377​]. In clinical and laboratory studies, melatonin has also been reported as producing varying hormonal effects. Such reports include changes in levels of luteinizing hormone [​378​;​379​;​380​;​381​;​382​;​383​;​384​;​385​], cortisol [​391​;​392​;​393​;​394​;​386​], progesterone [​386​;​387​;​388​;​389​;​390​], estradiol [​387​], thyroid hormone (T4 and T3) [​395​;​318​;​396​], testosterone [​318​;​397​], growth hormone [​292​;​385​;​398​;​399​;​400​;​401​;​402​], prolactin [​292​;​601​;​407​;​602​;​603​;​604​;​605​], oxytocin and vasopressin [​398​;​403​;​404​;​405​], adrenocorticotrophic hormone [​392​], and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone [​406​]. Melatonin has further been shown to alter pituitary hormone (LH and FSH) profiles in menopausal women to more "juvenile" profiles [​396​]. In clinical trials, melatonin affected hormone levels in patients with hormonal-related cancers and had synergistic effects with tamoxifen [​205​;​218​;​219​]. Other human studies report a lack of significant hormonal effects [​407​;​408​;​409​;​410​]. Gynecomastia (increased breast size) has been reported in men, as well as decreased sperm count [both which resolved with cessation of melatonin] [​65​]. Decreased sperm motility has also been reported in rats [​411​] and humans [​412​]. Other human and laboratory studies have suggested that melatonin mimics the effect of drugs that act through the estrogen receptor interfering with the effects of endogenous estrogens, as well as those that interfere with the synthesis of estrogens by inhibiting the enzymes controlling the interconversion from their androgenic precursors [​340​]. In females, blood pressure decreased only in hormone replacement therapy or birth control users and not nonusers [​152​;​626​]. In human research, progesterone modulated melatonin secretion in postmenopausal women [​627​]. In human research, in combination with estradiol treatment, melatonin reduced peak values of norepinephrine and increased epinephrine levels in some, but not all, stimulus situations [​625​;​152​;​626​]. In human research, during a heavy-resistance exercise session, melatonin increased the area under the curve of growth hormone [​350​].

... 효과가 부족하다고 보고한다 [​407​;​408​;​409​;​410​]. 정자 수 감소뿐만 아니라, 여성형 유방이 (증가한 유방 크기) 남성에게서 보고되었다 (멜라토닌의 중단으로 모두 해결) [​65​]. 정자 운동성 감소 또한 쥐와 [​411​] 사람에게서...

Treatment with schaftoside from Rhizoma Arisaematis in α-MSH-treated cells reduces the expression of tyrosinase and TRP1, and activates autophagy, suggesting that schaftoside in RA regulates melanogenesis by affecting the biogenesis of melanin as well as degrading synthesized melanin.

천남성으로부터 분리된 schaftoside는 α-MSH 처리된 쥐 흑색종 세포 B16F1 세포에서 멜라닌 생성 증가를 억제하고 tyrosinase와 TRP1 단백질의 발현을 하향 조절하여 자가포식 활성화를 통해 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 보임.

Apolar extracts from processed rhizomes of Arisaema sp. In HEK 293 cells effectively inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and dose-dependently activated PPARα and PPARγ.

천남성 유래 벤진 및 다이클로로메테인 추출물은 사람 태아 신장 세포 HEK 293 세포에서 PPARα와 PPARγ를 용량 의존적으로 활성화하고 특히 벤진 추추물은 TNF-α로 유발된 NF-κB를 억제하는 효과를 보임.